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Harvard Referencing Style Guide: Multi-media formats

This guide shows students and staff how to reference using the Harvard Referencing style.

Citing multimedia formats

  • For audio-visual material there may be no author in which case the title and date can be provided in the in-text reference
  • Format details should be included
  • If the source is electronic, details of the online location and date of access should be included in your Reference List

Citing multimedia formats: examples

Material Type

In-Text Example

Reference List Example
Video (Effective performance appraisals 1994) Effective performance appraisals 1994, (video recording), Melbourne, Educational Media Australia.
Television Programme (Crystal 1993) Crystal, L (executive producer) 1993, The MacNeil/Lehrer news hour (television broadcast) 11 October 1993, New York and Washington DC, Public Broadcasting Service.
Audio Podcast (Van Nuys 2007) Van Nuys, D (producer) 2007, 'The anatomy of a lobotomist [Show 84]', Shrink Rap Radio (podcast). Available from: <http://www.shrinkrapradio.com/>. [11 April 2007].
Video Podcast (Kloft 2006) Kloft, M (producer/director) 2006, The Nuremberg trials (motion picture), in M.Sameuls (executive producer), American experience (podcast). Available from: <http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/rss/podcast_pb.xml>. [4 March 2006].

Music Track from an Album

 (Shocked 1992) Shocked, M 1992, 'Over the waterfall', on Arkansas Traveller (CD). New York, Polygram Music.
Video Blog Post (Norton 2006) Norton, R 2006, 'How to train a cat to operate a light switch' (video file). Available from: <http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Vja83KLQXZs>. [4 November 2006].